Nicolás Maduro
President of Venezuela since 2013
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| January 10 2025 | Sworn in for his third term as president. |
| 2024 | Nicolás Maduro launched his presidential re-election campaign, seeking another term as President of Venezuela despite widespread international criticism and concerns about the democratic legitimacy of the election process. |
| 2024 | Ran for a third term in an election where the Maduro-aligned CNE claimed victory without providing evidence, leading to a political crisis. |
| 2024 | Maduro won a third presidential election with 51.2% of the votes in the first round, continuing his leadership of Venezuela. |
| September 2024 | An Argentine federal court issued an arrest warrant against Maduro and several other Venezuelan officials for crimes against humanity. |
| December 3 2023 | Promoted and held a consultative referendum on Venezuela's claim to the Essequibo region, with nearly 100% voting in favor of Venezuela's claims. |
| September 2023 | Visited China, requesting support to join BRICS and signing an agreement for training Venezuelan astronauts. |
| June 2023 | Made an official state visit to Saudi Arabia. |
| June 2023 | Maduro made an official state visit to Saudi Arabia. |
| February 2023 | A Datincorp poll concluded that only 15.69% of voters would support Maduro as a candidate for the upcoming 2024 presidential elections. |
| November 27 2022 | Engaged in diplomatic interactions during the UN Climate Change Conference, leading to the United States easing sanctions on Venezuela and allowing Chevron Corporation to work with the Venezuelan government. |
| October 2022 | Maduro's nephews were freed in a prisoner swap for seven jailed Americans. |
| 2021 | Became a member of the Venezuelan National Assembly, the country's unicameral legislative body |
| November 4 2021 | ICC Prosecutor Karim Khan announced the opening of an investigation into the situation in Venezuela. |
| September 16 2021 | The Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Venezuela released its second report, which critically examined judicial independence under Maduro's leadership. The report concluded that the Venezuelan justice system has been deeply eroded, systematically aiding state repression and perpetuating impunity for human rights violations. |
| 2020 | Maduro was featured and mocked in the revival of the Animaniacs animated series, which highlighted Venezuela's hyperinflation. |
| December 14 2020 | The Office of the Prosecutor released a report stating there was a 'reasonable basis' to believe civilian authorities, armed forces members, and pro-government individuals committed crimes against humanity since at least April 2017. |
| May 3 2020 | Venezuelan security forces prevented Operation Gideon, an attempted overthrow of Nicolás Maduro by armed deserters. The operation was organized by Jordan Goudreau, a former US Army Special Forces operator, involving 60 troops trained in Colombia. Maduro's government accused the US DEA of involvement, while Juan Guaidó denied participating, though Goudreau claimed he had signed a $213 million contract with Guaidó in October 2019. |
| May 3 2020 | Prevented an attempted overthrow by armed Venezuelan dissidents organized by an American private security company, Silvercorp USA, resulting in eight attackers killed and thirteen captured. |
| March 26 2020 | The US Department of Justice charged Maduro and other Venezuelan officials with 'narco-terrorism', accusing them of shipping cocaine to the US and organizing drug transportation routes. The US offered a $15 million reward for information leading to Maduro's arrest. |
| 2019 | Maduro began allowing transactions in U.S. dollars, a more stable currency for international money transfers. This change enabled Venezuelans to spend remittances (estimated at $3.5 to $4 billion annually) and initiated an economic recovery. |
| June 28 2019 | Nicolás Maduro Guerra was sanctioned by the United States for his role as a government official and member of Venezuela's Constituent Assembly. |
| April 2019 | US Department of State communication highlighted a 2017 National Assembly investigation revealing that the government overpaid for food, with Maduro's inner circle allegedly profiting over $200 million and distributing food boxes in exchange for votes. |
| March 2019 | The Wall Street Journal reported that Nicolás Maduro was using food and government handouts as a political tool to pressure impoverished Venezuelans to attend pro-government rallies and support him during elections, amid the country's ongoing economic crisis. |
| March 2019 | The Wall Street Journal reported that barrios were turning against Maduro, with 50 people killed by security forces in the first two months of the year and 653 arrested for protesting or speaking against the government. |
| March 12 2019 | Venezuelan press workers union reported 40 journalists had been unlawfully arrested by this date. |
| March 4 2019 | Datanálisis poll showed Maduro's approval at an all-time low of 14%, with Guaidó receiving 61% approval and 77% support in a theoretical election. |
| February 1 2019 | A Meganálisis survey of 1,030 Venezuelans found only 4.1% recognized Maduro as president, while 84.6% recognized Juan Guaidó as interim president. |
| January 2019 | Maduro reaffirmed unconditional support for Palestinians' sovereignty in defense of their rights. |
| January 2019 | Start of intensified media suppression, including disruptions of National Assembly and Guaido's speeches, television and radio channel censorship, and journalist detentions. |
| January 23 2019 | Faced a presidential crisis when Juan Guaidó was declared interim president by the opposition legislative body. |
| January 10 2019 | Sworn in for a second term amid widespread international condemnation. |
| January 10 2019 | Nicolás Maduro was sworn in as president amid widespread international condemnation, with the Organization of American States (OAS) immediately approving a resolution declaring his presidency illegitimate and calling for new elections. |
| 2018 | Venezuela recorded 23,047 homicides, maintaining a high murder rate of 81.4 per 100,000 people, demonstrating persistent security challenges despite the government's interventions. |
| 2018 | Nicolás Maduro won the presidential election with 67.8% of the vote, a result widely denounced as fraudulent by most neighboring countries, international organizations, and Western powers including Argentina, Mexico, Chile, Colombia, Brazil, Canada, and the United States. |
| 2018 | A Board of Independent Experts from the Organization of American States (OAS) published a 400-page report detailing potential crimes against humanity committed during Maduro's presidency, concluding Maduro could be responsible for dozens of murders, thousands of extra-judicial executions, over 12,000 arbitrary detentions, and over 290 cases of torture. |
| December 2018 | Leaked videos and pictures revealed a luxurious Christmas party at the pro-Maduro Supreme Tribunal of Justice, featuring an expensive feast with French wine, which was heavily criticized on social media during Venezuela's economic crisis. |
| October 18 2018 | Mexican prosecutors accused the Venezuelan government of buying poor-quality food products for CLAP and artificially inflating their export value. |
| September 2018 | Maduro dined at Salt Bae's luxury restaurant in Istanbul, receiving a personalized shirt and cigar box, which drew international criticism and anger from impoverished Venezuelans. |
| September 2018 | Meganálisis polls found 84.6% of Venezuelans wanted Maduro and his government removed from power. |
| September 27 2018 | Six states parties to the Rome Statute (Argentina, Canada, Colombia, Chile, Paraguay, and Peru) referred the situation in Venezuela since 12 February 2014 to the ICC, requesting Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda to initiate an investigation into crimes against humanity. |
| August 20 2018 | Scheduled date for currency redenomination, with old banknotes below 1,000 bolívares fuertes to be withdrawn from circulation and cease being legal tender. |
| August 15 2018 | Maduro was sentenced to 18 years and 3 months in prison by the Supreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela in exile, found guilty of corruption and money laundering. |
| August 4 2018 | Survived a drone attack during a military address, with at least two drones armed with explosives detonating near his location. |
| May 2018 | Prematurely held Venezuelan presidential elections take place, further solidifying international perceptions of Maduro's authoritarian rule. |
| May 20 2018 | Presidential elections held with controversial voting conditions. |
| May 20 2018 | Held presidential elections amidst international scrutiny. |
| May 18 2018 | The US Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) placed sanctions on high-level official Diosdado Cabello, alleging involvement in money laundering, embezzlement, and drug trafficking activities. |
| May 1 2018 | Prices were required to be expressed in both old bolívares (Bs.) and new bolívares soberanos (Bs.S) at a 1,000 to one conversion rate. |
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This contents of the box above is based on material from the Wikipedia articles Presidency of Nicolás Maduro, Nicolás Maduro, Nicolás Maduro Guerra & Economic policy of the Nicolás Maduro administration, which are released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.