Physics beyond the Standard Model
Theories trying to extend known physics
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We include updates on Dark matter, Large Hadron Collider, Axion, Quantum gravity, Supersymmetry, Proton decay, Loop quantum gravity, CP violation, Modified Newtonian dynamics, Cosmological constant problem, Neutrino oscillation, Mirror matter, Super-Kamiokande, Weakly interacting massive particle, Hierarchy problem, Galaxy rotation curve ... and more.
| 2025 |
CP violation
The LHCb experiment discovered CP violation in baryons, expanding the understanding of this fundamental particle physics phenomenon.
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| March 2025 |
CP violation
LHCb announced discovery of CP violation in baryon decays with a deviation from zero of 5.2 standard deviations.
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| 2024 |
Axion
CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) reached the axion-photon coupling limit of 5.8 × 10^-11 GeV^-1 at 95% confidence level for axions with mass near 0.02 eV.
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| 2024 |
Modified Newtonian dynamics
A study claimed that the universe's earliest galaxies formed and grew too rapidly to be explained by the Lambda-CDM model, but such rapid growth was predicted by MOND theory.
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| September 18 2024 |
Large Hadron Collider
ATLAS reported the first observation of quantum entanglement between quarks, which was also the highest-energy observation of quantum entanglement to date.
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| May 2024 |
CP violation
Theoretical physicists at Brown University determined potential CP violation through the third half-life asymmetry of hydrogen-based quark valve amplifiers.
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| April 2024 | The SABRE collaboration published an executive summary providing in-depth details of the detector's design. |
| April 5 2024 |
Large Hadron Collider
Large Hadron Collider reaches its first stable beams in 2024.
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| January 2024 | The main muon system for the SABRE experiment was installed at SUPL. |
| 2023 |
Modified Newtonian dynamics
A research study concluded that cold dark matter cannot adequately explain galactic rotation curves, while MOND provides a more comprehensive explanation.
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| 2023 |
Modified Newtonian dynamics
A study measured the acceleration of 26,615 wide binaries within 200 parsecs, demonstrating systematic deviations from Newtonian dynamics and conformity with MOND (AQUAL) predictions. The results remain disputed among researchers.
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| October 2023 | The first piece of equipment for the SABRE experiment, the muon veto, was installed at SUPL. |
| May 2023 |
Axion
ALPS II experiment began collecting data in May, continuing the search for axion detection.
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| March 20 2023 |
Large Hadron Collider
Scientists observe lead ions for the first time in 5 years at the Large Hadron Collider.
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| January 2023 | Data collection for the SABRE experiment is expected to begin. |
| January 2023 | Reported new limits on sub-GeV dark matter based on data collected from 1996-2018, excluding dark matter-nucleon elastic scattering cross sections between 10^-33 cm^2 and 10^-27 cm^2 for masses ranging from 1 MeV/c^2 to 300 MeV/c^2. |
| 2022 | The SABRE experiment is planned to be constructed underground at the Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory (SUPL) during the last months of the year. |
| 2022 |
Axion
The Event Horizon Telescope used polarized light measurements of Messier 87* to constrain the mass of axions, rejecting an approximate mass range by exploring hypothetical axion clouds around a black hole.
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| 2022 |
Axion
João G. Rosa and Thomas W. Kephart used data from M87* to constrain the mass of axions, exploring their potential role in explaining dark matter and fast radio bursts.
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| 2022 |
Modified Newtonian dynamics
Kroupa et al. published a study of open star clusters, arguing that asymmetry in tidal tails and cluster lifetimes are inconsistent with Newtonian dynamics but consistent with MOND theory.
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| 2022 |
Modified Newtonian dynamics
A survey of dwarf galaxies from the Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) catalogue was published, with astronomers and physicists concluding that observed deformations of dwarf galaxies in the Fornax Cluster and the lack of low surface brightness dwarfs towards its centre are incompatible with ΛCDM expectations but consistent with MOND theory.
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| August 2022 | The Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory officially opened after experiencing delays from corporate mergers, marking the establishment of one of only two underground particle physics laboratories in the Southern Hemisphere. |
| July 2022 |
Axion
New observations from the upgraded XENONnT observatory discarded the previous excess, eliminating the possibility of a new particle discovery.
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| July 2022 |
Large Hadron Collider
The third run of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) began after more than three years of upgrades, with the run planned to continue until July 2026.
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| July 5 2022 |
Large Hadron Collider
LHCb reported the discovery of a new type of pentaquark composed of a charm quark, a charm antiquark, an up quark, a down quark, and a strange quark. This discovery was made through an analysis of decays of charged B mesons. In the same report, the first-ever pair of tetraquarks was also discovered.
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| July 5 2022 |
Large Hadron Collider
LHC officially commenced its Run 3 physics season, expected to continue until 2026.
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| June 2022 |
Large Hadron Collider
CERN announced its intention to terminate cooperation agreements with Belarus and Russia due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, with agreements set to expire in June and December 2024 respectively.
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| April 2022 |
Large Hadron Collider
LHC reopens after more than three years of shutdown, resuming particle physics research.
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| April 2022 |
Large Hadron Collider
Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) concluded, completing the maintenance and upgrade phase of the LHC.
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| April 25 2022 |
Large Hadron Collider
LHC first achieved a collision energy of 13.6 TeV.
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| April 22 2022 |
Large Hadron Collider
LHC became operational again with a new maximum beam energy of 6.8 TeV.
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| April 22 2022 |
Large Hadron Collider
Large Hadron Collider becomes operational again after a period of shutdown.
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| 2021 |
Axion
The MIT experiment published results reporting no evidence of axions in the mass range from 4.1x10−10 to 8.27x10−9 eV.
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| 2021 |
Axion
Researchers suggested that an excess of hard X-ray emission from a system of neutron stars known as the 'magnificent seven' could potentially be explained by axion emission.
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| 2021 |
Neutrino oscillation
Neutrino-4 experiment concluded, directly observing the neutrino oscillation effect with a parameter region of Δm² of (7.3 ± 0.13stat ± 1.16syst) eV² and sin²2θ14 ≈ 0.36 ± 0.12stat at a 2.9σ significance.
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| 2021 |
Cosmological constant problem
Nikita Blinov and Patrick Draper confirm through the holographic principle that the CKN bound predicts the measured cosmological constant while maintaining effective field theory predictions.
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| 2021 |
Modified Newtonian dynamics
Unnamed researchers proposed a new relativistic model of MOND that is compatible with cosmic microwave background observations.
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| December 2021 |
Axion
ADMX excluded the range for the KSVZ axion model, advancing the search for dark matter axions.
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| December 2021 |
Axion
ADMX excluded the axion range for the KSVZ model in its ongoing search for dark matter axions.
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| 2020 |
Axion
The XENON1T experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy reported a potential discovery of solar axions, though the results were not statistically significant enough for definitive confirmation.
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| 2020 |
Axion
A proposal was put forward suggesting that the axion field might have influenced the early Universe's evolution by potentially creating an imbalance between matter and antimatter, which could help resolve the baryon asymmetry problem.
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| 2020 | Detector upgraded for SuperKGd project by adding gadolinium salt to enable antineutrino detection from supernova explosions. |
| 2020 | A measurement of a unique MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics) effect was recorded, offering another alternative explanation to dark matter. |
| 2020 |
CP violation
T2K Collaboration reported first indications of CP violation in leptons through neutrino beam experiments, though the results were not yet precisely determined.
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| 2020 |
Modified Newtonian dynamics
A group of astronomers analyzed data from the Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves (SPARC) sample and galaxy catalogs, finding statistically significant evidence of violations of the strong equivalence principle in weak gravitational fields near rotationally supported galaxies. Their findings were consistent with Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and inconsistent with the Lambda-CDM cosmological model.
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| October 2020 |
Light dark matter
SENSEI experiment published its most recent results on ruling out possible mass ranges of dark matter below 1 GeV using silicon detector and CCD technology.
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| 2019 | The Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory project resumed with $5 million allocated in the Australian federal budget. |
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This contents of the box above is based on material from the Wikipedia articles Cosmological constant problem, Mirror matter, Light dark matter, Neutrino oscillation, Super-Kamiokande, Stawell Underground Physics Laboratory, Large Hadron Collider, Dark matter, Axion, CP violation, Loop quantum gravity & Modified Newtonian dynamics, which are released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.