Thermodynamics
Physics of heat
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We include updates on James Clerk Maxwell, Gas constant, Boltzmann constant, Kullback–Leibler divergence, Erwin Schrödinger, Pressure, Enrico Fermi, Heat, Zero-point energy, Standard temperature and pressure, Satyendra Nath Bose, Thermal expansion, Henri Poincaré, Ludwig Boltzmann, Statistical mechanics, Thermal radiation ... and more.
| 2025 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
The estimated market size for PDRC applications in indoor space cooling reaches approximately $27 billion, reflecting growing commercial interest and technological development in the field.
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| 2025 |
Reversible computing
London-based Vaire Computing begins prototyping a reversible computing chip, with plans for release in 2027.
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| 2024 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
Nissan introduces a innovative paint that can lower car interior temperatures by up to 21 °F in direct sunlight, using two types of particles that reflect and convert light frequencies to radiate energy into space.
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| 2023 |
Space-based solar power
Caltech team successfully demonstrates beaming power to Earth from a space-based solar power system.
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| 2023 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
A research study highlighted the environmental concerns of current Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling (PDRC) materials, emphasizing the need for bio-based renewable materials to address carbon neutrality goals and reduce reliance on non-renewable polymers and synthetic chemicals.
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| 2023 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
A scientific study highlighted the need for developing new flexible cellulose fibrous films with wood-like hierarchical microstructures for wearable passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) applications.
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| 2022 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
A study reported on the impact of dropwise condensation on the cooling power of selective emitters, revealing that such condensation may reduce sub-ambient cooling power and weaken the expected cooling benefits of selective emitters, particularly for building roof applications.
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| 2022 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
A research study reported that widespread application of advanced photonic materials for passive daytime radiative cooling is severely restricted due to complex and expensive preparation processes.
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| 2022 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
Khan et al. concluded that low-cost optically modulated Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling (PDRC) technologies are under development and expected to be commercially available soon, with high potential to reduce urban heat without overcooling penalties.
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| 2022 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
A study was conducted examining how humidity, vapor concentration, temperature variations, aerosols, and cloud coverage impact the effectiveness of passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) technologies, highlighting the need for adaptable design strategies for radiative coolers.
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| 2022 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
A study assessed the effects of Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling (PDRC) surfaces in winter in the Kolkata metropolitan area, examining both non-modulated and modulated PDRC systems and their impact on ground surface temperatures.
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| 2022 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
A polyacrylate hydrogel film was developed with potential applications in building construction and large-scale thermal management systems, using sodium polyacrylate to achieve high solar reflectance and mid-infrared emittance.
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| 2022 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
A study was conducted highlighting the lack of sufficient investigation into sustainable materials for radiative cooling, emphasizing the need for biodegradable solutions in the field.
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| 2022 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
A study highlighted the advantages of PDRC coatings, emphasizing their strong operability, convenient processing, and potential for large-scale utilization while demonstrating the ability to develop high solar reflectance and heat emissivity in colors other than white.
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| 2022 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
A scientific study investigated passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) surfaces in tropical climates, demonstrating a coating with 98.4% solar reflectance and 95% infrared emittance could achieve a sustained daytime sub-ambient temperature reduction of 2°C in Singapore under direct solar intensity of 1000 W/m².
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| 2022 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
A study proposed a full-spectrum synergetic management (FSSM) strategy to cool solar cells by combining radiative cooling and spectral splitting, aiming to enhance radiative heat dissipation and reduce waste heat from sub-bandgap photon absorption.
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| 2021 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
A research study investigated a composite material of titanium oxide and polylactic acid (TiO2-PLA) with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lamination for passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) applications, using optical and thermal characterization, numerical simulations, and mechanical testing.
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| 2021 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
Research highlighted technical difficulties in creating scalable films with precise patterns or structures due to complex nanoscale lithography/synthesis and rigidity.
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| 2021 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
A research study highlighted the potential of passive radiative cooling structures in personal thermal management technologies as an effective defense against the impacts of global climate change, particularly for protecting humans in extreme heat conditions.
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| 2021 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
A study recommended focusing PDRC implementation in urban areas on increasing albedo while maintaining emissivity above 90%, providing strategic guidance for urban cooling technologies.
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| August 2021 |
Space-based solar power
California Institute of Technology announces plans to launch a space-based solar power test array by 2023, revealing over $100 million in funding from Donald and Brigitte Bren since 2013.
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| 2020 |
Waste heat
Total anthropogenic annual energy release reached 168,000 terawatt-hours, resulting in a global average anthropogenic heat release rate of 0.04 W/m2 across Earth's surface.
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| 2020 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
Researchers proposed a 'tilt strategy and wind cover strategy' to mitigate wind effects on passive radiative cooling surfaces, demonstrating a significant advancement in understanding how wind impacts cooling technologies.
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| 2020 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
A market study estimated the global building surface area for Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling (PDRC) applications at approximately $27 billion, highlighting the growing interest in this technology.
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| 2020 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
A study highlighted the challenges of scalable production of artificial photonic radiators with complex structures, noting difficulties in achieving high throughput and low-cost manufacturing.
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| May 2020 |
Space-based solar power
US Naval Research Laboratory conducts its first test of solar power generation in a satellite.
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| 2019 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
A scientific study reported on the potential of radiative cooling to reduce air temperature near the surface, highlighting its potential global impact in addressing climate change by ensuring emission through the atmospheric transparency window and out to space.
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| December 2019 |
Space-based solar power
Xinhua News Agency reports China's plan to launch a 200-tonne space solar power station capable of generating megawatts of electricity by 2035.
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| February 2019 |
Space-based solar power
Science and Technology Daily reports that China has started constructing a testing base for space solar power in Chongqing's Bishan District.
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| 2018 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
A study reported significantly lowered coating costs for photonic media that can coat a black substrate and reduce its temperature through radiative cooling, potentially outperforming commercially available solar-reflective white paint without expensive manufacturing steps.
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| 2015 |
Space-based solar power
China Academy for Space Technology (CAST) presents its roadmap for space solar power at the International Space Development Conference.
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| March 12 2015 |
Space-based solar power
JAXA announced successful wireless power transmission, beaming 1.8 kilowatts 50 meters by converting electricity to microwaves and back to electricity.
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| 2014 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
A breakthrough in photonic metamaterials significantly advanced passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) technology, marking a pivotal moment in research that enabled more effective daytime cooling techniques.
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| 2010 |
Passive daytime radiative cooling
Research and development in PDRC rapidly evolves with the discovery of using photonic metamaterials to suppress solar heating.
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This contents of the box above is based on material from the Wikipedia articles Space-based solar power, Waste heat, Reversible computing & Passive daytime radiative cooling, which are released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.