Climate change
Human-caused changes to climate on Earth
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We include updates on List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita, El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, Gulf Stream, Greenhouse effect, List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions, Greenhouse gas emissions, Carbon capture and storage, Sea level rise, Food security, Global cooling, Carbon cycle, Global surface temperature, Representative Concentration Pathway, Friederike Otto, Shared Socioeconomic Pathways ... and more.
| June 2025 |
Carbon capture and storage
Norway launched the world's largest full-scale operation of industrial carbon capture and storage.
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| May 20 2025 |
Sea level rise
Data revealed that 230 million people live within 1 metre above current sea level, and 1 billion live within 10 metres above sea level. Scientists warned that sea level rise would lead to catastrophic inland migration.
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| 2025 |
Climate change and fisheries
Scientific recommendation for more comprehensive climate and fisheries projection models, emphasizing the need to consider solar activity, volcanic aerosol forcing, and historical oceanographic data spanning at least 100 years.
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| 2025 |
Climate change in the Middle East and North Africa
Target set to reduce per capita greenhouse gas emissions to 8.8 tCO2e.
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| 2025 |
Mangrove tree distribution
Projected further decline of worldwide mangrove area by 25%, particularly in developing nations.
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| 2025 |
Climate migration
United Nations research estimates that over 1 billion climate and environmental migrants will be uprooted from their homes in the next 30 years, primarily from countries in the Global South.
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| 2025 |
International Tundra Experiment
Chelsea Little begins leadership of the Garibaldi Park ITEX site.
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| 2025 | Work on the National Climate Assessment halted when funding was eliminated during the second Trump Administration, interrupting the scheduled five-year reporting cycle. |
| April 18 2025 |
Sea level rise
The World Economic Forum reported that rising sea levels caused by climate change were impacting 1 billion people worldwide.
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| April 7 2025 |
2024 in climate change
A study published in npj Climate and Atmospheric Science reveals that 2023-2024 climate extremes were exceptional, with record-breaking global surface air and sea surface temperatures. The research attributes these to increased Earth's Energy Imbalance, consecutive La Niña years, and a rapid transition to El Niño, warning of amplified climate impacts in the future.
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| 2025 | Start of the projected period for potential climate reparations, where the top 21 fossil fuel companies could owe cumulative climate reparations of $5.4 trillion through 2050. |
| April 2025 |
Economic analysis of climate change
A study published in Environmental Research Letters reveals that household wealth could decrease by 40% if global temperatures rise by 4 degrees Celsius, highlighting the severe economic consequences of unchecked climate change.
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| 2025 |
Retreat of glaciers since 1850
Schoolroom Glacier in Grand Teton National Park is expected to completely disappear.
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| April 1 2025 |
Locations and entities by greenhouse gas emissions
Deadline set by the South African Department of Forestry, Fisheries, and the Environment for Sasol to comply with legal emission limits under the Air Quality Act 2004.
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| 2025 |
Climate crisis
Within weeks of his second inauguration, U.S. President Donald Trump's administration flags 'climate crisis' as a word to limit or avoid on government websites and documents.
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| 2025 |
FAO partnership with the African Union's CAADP framework aims to end hunger in Africa by this year, involving interventions like improved food production, social protection strengthening, and integrating the Right to Food into national legislation.
FAO regional workshop wraps up successfully with 11 African countries able to report their resilience to food and nutrition shocks | Agrifood Economics | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
www.fao.org
The African Union adopts ten-year strategy and action plan to transform Africa's agri-food systems and ensure food security | African Union
au.int
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| 2025 | Target year for reducing child stunting, with Central Asia, Eastern Asia, and the Caribbean regions on track to achieve their goals. |
| 2025 | Earth 300 plans to launch its innovative scientific research vessel, designed to be the largest superyacht dedicated to climate and oceanographic research. |
| 2025 |
Effects of climate change on small island countries
Caribbean SIDS projected to face average annual economic losses of 5%.
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| 2025 |
Climate change and cities
End of anticipated publication window for the third Urban Climate Change Research Network assessment report.
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| February 2025 |
Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
A Nature study concluded that the AMOC is resilient to extreme greenhouse gas and North Atlantic freshwater forcings across 34 climate models, suggesting an AMOC collapse is unlikely in the 21st century.
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| February 26 2025 |
Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
Scientists measure the AMOC strength at 17 Sverdrups, noting a decline from about 2004 and projecting a potential shutdown within 5 Sverdrups around the year 2175.
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| January 2025 |
Climate change in the Arctic
A scientific study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences documented an abrupt climate-driven transformation of lakes in Greenland, shifting from 'blue' to 'brown' states due to record heat and rainfall, fundamentally altering the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of these lake systems.
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| 2024 |
Carbon cycle
Global average carbon dioxide reached a record high of 422.7 parts per million (ppm), marking a significant milestone in atmospheric carbon concentration.
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| 2024 |
Assisted migration
A collaborative assisted migration project successfully test planted Abies religiosa (sacred fir) trees on an extinct volcano near Mexico City, aiming to create a future overwintering sanctuary for Monarch butterflies at higher altitudes (3,600 and 3,800 meters).
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| 2024 |
Climate scientists
Warren M. Washington passed away, concluding a significant career in climate science.
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| 2024 |
Effects of climate change on agriculture
Comprehensive review by Yuan et al. projected that under high-emission scenarios without adaptation, yields of maize, rice, wheat, and soybean are likely to reduce by approximately 5-10% by mid-century due to rising temperatures, altered precipitation, and increased evapotranspiration.
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| 2024 |
Global surface temperature
Recorded as the hottest year on record with a global surface temperature anomaly of 1.29°C above baseline
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| 2024 |
Ocean heat content
World's oceans recorded their hottest temperatures in historical record, exceeding the previous 2023 maximum heat record.
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| 2024 |
Ocean heat content
A large-ensemble reanalysis estimated a 1961-2022 ocean warming trend of 0.43 ± 0.08 W/m², with a statistically significant acceleration rate of 0.15 ± 0.04 W/m² per decade.
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| 2024 |
Ocean heat content
Oceans became the hottest in historical record, exceeding the previous year's maximum and comprising the peak of the five highest ocean heat observations between 2020-2024.
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| 2024 |
Carbon capture and storage
A study published in Global Environment Change introduced a model framework evaluating CCS's potential contribution to carbon neutrality, using China as a case study. The research demonstrated that strategic integration with national energy planning could significantly reduce emissions and improve global climate mitigation strategies.
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| 2024 |
Climate change feedbacks
A scientific study published in Nature Climate Change revealed that coastal erosion in the Arctic, caused by permafrost thaw, is reducing the ocean's capacity to absorb carbon dioxide and initiating additional carbon-climate feedback mechanisms in the region.
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| 2024 |
Coral bleaching
Fourth recorded mass bleaching event continued, with heat stress found in each major ocean basin of both the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere.
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| 2024 |
International Tundra Experiment
Transition of site leadership, with Cassandra Elphinstone, Courtney Collins, and Nathalie Chardon completing their leadership term.
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| 2024 |
2024 in climate change
Global efforts continue to track and document the impacts of climate change, with a focus on measuring, predicting, mitigating, and developing adaptation strategies for environmental challenges.
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| 2024 |
Climate change books
Genevieve Hilton (writing as Jan Lee) and Steve Willis published 'Fairhaven', a book about climate solution innovators in Southeast Asia.
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| 2024 |
Climate change books
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change releases the Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report, providing a comprehensive overview of climate science, mitigation strategies, and impacts.
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| 2024 |
Climate policy of China
China reduced its carbon intensity by 3.4% through a significant increase in renewable energy capacity, though this fell short of the annual target of 3.9% reduction.
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| 2024 | World Meteorological Organization estimates almost 50% chance of five-year average global temperature exceeding +1.5 °C between 2024 and 2028. |
| 2024 | Global temperatures exceeded 1.5°C above recent averages, highlighting the continuing trend of accelerated global warming. |
| 2024 | Recorded as the warmest year on record since regular temperature tracking began in 1850 |
| 2024 |
El Niño–Southern Oscillation
A paleoclimate study suggested El Niños had a strong influence on Earth's climate during the Permian-Triassic extinction event, associated with active volcanism.
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| 2024 |
Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
A study found that an AMOC collapse could cause the Amazon's seasonal cycle to reverse, with dry seasons becoming wet and wet seasons becoming dry.
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| 2024 |
Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
A modeling study predicted severe cooling in a pre-industrial world from an AMOC collapse, including significant sea surface temperature drops and potential sea ice reaching into British and Danish territorial waters.
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| 2024 |
Economic analysis of climate change
A study projected that by 2050, climate change will reduce average global incomes by likely 19%, with global annual damages reaching about $38 trillion by 2050.
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| 2024 |
Carbon capture and storage
Canadian Parliamentary Budget Officer estimates the federal CCS tax credit will cost CAD $5.7 billion, significantly higher than the original CAD $2.6 billion projection.
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| 2024 |
Coral bleaching
A major bleaching event occurred off Amami-Oshima island, killing 61.2% of corals. The bleaching was attributed to sea temperatures 2° higher than in 2023, highlighting the ongoing impact of rising ocean temperatures on coral ecosystems.
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| 2024 |
Climate change litigation
A study revealed emerging trends in climate change litigation, highlighting the strategic use of legal challenges to potentially impede climate action initiatives.
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This contents of the box above is based on material from the Wikipedia articles Effects of climate change, Carbon capture and storage, Climate change in the Arctic, Climate crisis, List of climate scientists, Economic analysis of climate change, International Tundra Experiment, Ocean heat content, Retreat of glaciers since 1850, Carbon cycle, Climate change, Mangrove tree distribution, Food security, Effects of climate change on agriculture, List of climate change books, Climate change and fisheries, Sea level rise, Climate migration, Earth 300, Coral bleaching, Climate change feedbacks, Climate policy of China, Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, Climate change in the Middle East and North Africa, Climate change litigation, Assisted migration, El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Effects of climate change on small island countries, List of locations and entities by greenhouse gas emissions, National Climate Assessment, 2024 in climate change, Climate change and cities & Global surface temperature, which are released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.